Egypt

Egypt is one of the oldest living civilizations in the world
The Nile flows out of Lower Egypt
In the beginnings of Egypt the two sides were in conflict
Narmer is the leader who united Upper and Lower Egypt by force
He had dominance over every other being in Egypt and was said to be the "personification of God."
Egyptians speak Coptic
Egypt is officially known as the Arab Republic of Egypt
Pyramids
Three pyramids of Giza named after pharaohs
Used for burials of pharaohs
It was speculated that the pyramids were built by slaves. In 1990, remnants were found to suggest that trained and skilled workers built the pyramids. Slaves were used for other things such as running the cities while everyone else is working on the pyramids.
Pyramids were only used for burial, the people buried inside were not to be looked at after they were buried.
"Mortuary cities" cities whose only purpose was to house a deceased pharaoh.
The pharaohs were dynastic- their children were to become the next pharaoh and so on.
Pharaohs are now depicted to wear headdresses, a chin piece, and topless.
In Egyptian culture, legs were never separated in architecture, no space between them

Mastaba- a stepped pyramids resembling a layer cake

Hieroglyphics
Carved into soft stone or drawn onto papyrus.
They represent individual sounds of the language, not simple pictures
Religion
It was believed back in Egyptian times that when a person died their Ka was released and remained in the chamber until it was called to Judgement.
The deceased's heart was weighed against the Feather of Maat.
Egyptian culture was preoccupied with death
It was important that in depictions of a person every body part must be visible. This is so their Ka can be judged fully and completely.
Egyptian, Greek, Norse, and Roman all have similar God figures that have similar purposes.
Mummification
Internal organs are removed and place in canopic jars.
The heart had to be taken out so that in the afterlife it could be weighed.
The Nile River
The majority of the population lives along the river that stretches from the top of Egypt to the bottom.  
The pharaoh had the responsibility to flood the Nile, which produced rich and fertile soil for the Egyptian's crops to prosper. 
Sphinx
Placed there possibly as a protector of Egypt
Today, groups are still studying the Sphinx and the pyramids, going on archaeological digs to uncover secrets
Politics
Political upheaval led to the Middle Kingdom (2030-1640 B.C.)
Egyptian society was conservative. Even after the period of unrest they settle back into their old routines
Egyptians were pantheists, they believed in multiple Gods that performed certain tasks
The New Kingdom leads to the involvement of a man named Akhenaten
Akhenaten introduced monotheism into the Egyptian culture
The single God was Aten,  the sun god.
Tutankhamun was the pharaoh of Egypt in the eighteenth dynasty
During King Tut's reign, Egypt was at war with many other nations
Persia invaded Egypt, but Egypt prevailed and pushed them out of their territory and back into Persian territory.
Alexander the Great entered Egypt and they made allies with him as he did not like the Persians.